ASBAB AL-NUZUL

1. Definition of asbab al-nuzul

            In terms of etimologically, asbab al-nuzul a form idhofah which consists of two words, namely asbab and al-nuzul. Asbab means causes or alesan and al-nuzul means down (from top down)

according to al-Zarqani, nuzul is majaj al-isti'arag al-tasrihiyyah, namely to align the delivery superiors to subordinates. Therefore, the determination of said nuzul not mean to give the impression that the ak-qur; an off at the top, etatpi the Qur'an comes from the One who is berdudukan almighty supreme, in the Qur'an there are many words nuzul the decline in letter al'muminun them as in paragraph 29.

terminology, asbab al-nuzul is because of the background for the occurrence of a cause or causes decline in a paragraph pleased with the occurrence of something.

The terminology (Anwar: 200: 59), asbab al nuzul defined as:

a. Something to why, down a verse or a few verses that contain Therefore, or to provide answers to the cause or explain the law at the time of occurrence of the cause (Subhi as Salih in Mabahits Fi Ulum al-Quran)

b. The special thing or something that happened related decline in the Koran which serves as an explanatory law at the time it happened (az-Zarqani).

c. Event or events that caused a decline in one or more noble verses that relate to events or events, either in the form of questions to the prophet or events related to religious affairs (ash-Shabuni).

d. Events that may cause a decline Qur'an, berkenaannya with that event, either one event or the form of the question put to the prophet (ma'na al qathtan).

2. Various kinds and examples asbab al Nuzul

Miscellaneous asbab al nuzul can be seen from (1) the form of wording used in the history of al-nuzul asbab and (2) the number of causes and verse down.

Judging from the shape editor, asbab al nuzul divided into two kinds:

First, the editorial sharih (obviously), which is history already clear meunjukan asbab al-nuzul and may not show the others.

Second, editorial muhtamilah (not clear), the editorial asbab al nuzul which does not explicitly mention that the redsaksi regard to asbab al nuzul.

Judging from the number of causes and verse down, asbab al Uzul divided into two.

First, al-asbab ta'adud nazil wa al-Wahid (because the decline in more than one verse and issues contained in the verse or group of verses down that one). For the first of these, in terms of the editorial history, there are three permaslahan to note: (1) does not mind (2) take the version of history asbab al-nuzul that use the editorial sharih, and (3) take the history of editorial sharih and authentic (valid )

For the first of these was, from the quality of history, there are three other things that need to be considered, namely (1) take the version of history that is authentic. (2) conducted a study of selective (Legal Affairs Committee), and (3) conduct a study of compromise (jama ') ,

Second, taaddud nazil wa al sabab al Wahid (issues contained in paragraph diturubkan more than a while because the decline in one). Sometimes one occasion been the reason for the decline in the two verses Quran. In this case there is no problem that is quite important because the many verses that fall within various letters with regard to the events.

3. The phrase an expression asbab nuzul

Nuzul asbab an expression can only be known through the narrative of the companions of the Prophet who directly witnessed the occurrence of events or the emergence of questions concerning because the decline in the Qur'an. This means that an nuzul asbab history must be submitted by the companions. They said because the decline in the Qur'an uses the expression is different between an event with other events. Differences in the expression must contain different meanings which have implications on the status because the decline in verse the Qur'an.

Miscellaneous phrases used in describing companions, among others:

a. There is a word because

b. There is the word fa (then)

c. There is a word fa (on or about)

Asbab nuzul an expression expression can described below:

a. Because nuzul articulated (sababu nuzul hadzil paragraph kadza)

b. For nuzul not indicated by pronunciations cause, but with pronunciations (fa), which entered into verse in question.

c. Because nuzul surely understood from the context

d. For nuzul not mentioned by the phrase because it clearly.

4. The views of scholars on an nuzul asbab

Asbab nuzul have an important role in efforts to know and understand the meaning of a verse and wisdom contained therein. Asbab an nuzul also needed, especially to set goals or targets to be achieved Qur'an. The majority of scholars agree that the Quran nuzul asbab very important to find meaning and significance of the verses of the Qur'an. Al-Wahidi, one of the scholars who started writing the book asbab an nuzul, stating that it is impossible to interpret the verse and know its meaning, without knowing the story and cause the decline.

Some scholars argue otherwise. According to an nuzul record asbab effect to the understanding of Qur'an is not so important. The reason all the verses and letters in the Qur'an have an nuzul asbab. Even if the calculated amount is not significant. Muhammad Shahrur even argue that the Qur'an does not really have asbab an nuzul because the content Qur'an is complete since at lawh al mahfud which is reflected in the words of the Bible (the composition of written texts complete), al-Ma'mun (set), and fi priest Mubin ( clear instructions). In addition, the Qur'an also be deployed in a single package complete revelation in the month of Ramadan, hence there is no connection between the events recounted in the Qur'an hadith with these verses. This is reinforced by the word of god in a letter al Qadr: 1, "actually means we lowered him on the night of Qadr" and the letter al Baqarah: 185, "the month of Ramadan in which the Qur'an was revealed ..."

Although asbab nuzul very important in revealing the meaning of the text, but to know for sure and convincing reasons why most of the text of Qur'an was revealed is not always easy. Because, sometimes we get a lot of history who threw a number of different reasons for the fall of the verse itself and sometimes the same reasons related to the different verses.

 asbab an nuzul only with respect to a particular event or person or can apply common? i among exegetes, occurred prbedaan views on whether it is a particular lesson according to the decline or because of a general nature. Another problem is the difference of the scholars is about language. Sentence question (istifham) for example, is merely an interrogative sentence, but he could have another sense, as Taqrir (affirmation), Nafi (disclaimer) and a sense of understanding of the other.

Regardless of dissent at the top, in the question worth asking the opinion that it is impossible to understand the Qur'an without knowing about asbab al nuzul. Such opinion was impressed absolutizing an nuzul asbab position in understanding the Qur'an. However, if examined only a small number of al quran verses that can not accurately be understood except by knowing the causes of the decline. Most of the other passages can still be understood despite not using asbab al nuzul.

Al-Wahidi explained that the number of verses that have asbab al nuzul many as 715 verses or 11.46% of the whole verse Qur'an. Al Suyuti said paragraph 711, or 11.40%, while Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wahidi said there are 333 verses or 5.34%. Thus, verses that have asbab al nuzul very few compared to the number of verses in the Quran as a whole.

From the letters that have asbab al nuzul, al-Wahidi, al-Suyuti, and Muqbil berpedapat big enough. Of the 114 letters, al-Wahidi believes there are 82 letters or 71.90%. According to al Suyuti there are 103 letters or 90.35. According to Muqbil No 55 suratatau 48.24%. Although it is quite dominant, but asbab al nuzul of the letter not be significant because the size is the number of verses.

5. The urgency and usefulness asbab al nuzul in memahai verse Qur'an

Asbab function of Tafsir al nuzul is as knowledgeable aide in understanding, and formulate menfsirkan verses of Quran into practical teachings that can easily be carried dlam and daily lives. In particular urgency asbab al nuzul in understanding the Qur'an are:

a. Knowing asbab nuzul is the best way to understand the meaning of Qur'an and menyikap ambiguity hidden in verses that can not be interpreted without knowing the causes nuzulnya.

b. Overcoming doubts verse that allegedly contains a general sense

c. Specialized law embodied in the Qur'an for the scholars who argue that hold true is because of a special nature (specifically al sabab) and not lafadz general (general al lafdz)

d. Identifying offenders who cause a decline Qur'an

e. Help facilitate memorization and understanding, in addition to can help put the verses in question are in the hearts of everyone who hears when these verses were read.

Among asbab al nuzul usefulness in understanding the Qur'an:

a. Knowing the secret and purpose of God Almighty, in mensyaruatjan religion of Islam through the Qur'an.

b. Helps in understanding the paragraph and avoid difficulty in understanding

c. Rejecting the allegation of restrictions (hasr) in the paragraph that contains the restriction by birth.

d. Specialized (takhsish) law in a cause

e. Helps to not get out of the law contained in that paragraph even if he comes shortly takhsishkannya.

f. With asbab al nuzul, it is known that a particular verse someone down to him properly so that no ambiguities which could lead to accusations against innocent people.

g. May be easier to memorize verses of the Qur'an.

Rasm Al-Qur’an

A.   Definition of Rasm Al-Quran

Rasm Al-Qur’an (Rasm Utsmani or Rasm Utsman) is the way of writing Al-Qur’an which was assigned in Khalifah Utsman’s periods. Rasm an infinitive form (al-mashdar) than for work rasama - yarsamu, which means drawing or painting and also means writing. Can also be interpreted al-atsar, 'Ash Grove. While the Quran is the word of God revealed to the prophet Muhammad by the intermediary angel Gabriel written in Manuscripts and submitted to us mutawatir (by many people), learn it is a charity-worship, starting with the letter al-Fatihah and closed by an-nas.

B.    Opinion Scholars about Rasm al-Qur'an

Some of Ulama thought that Rasm Al-Qur’an is taufiqi, that is Prophet Muhammad’s provision and it’ not Sahabat’s product and also the other. So, everyone must follow it when they write Al-Qur’an. But, other Ulama have the different opinion, they thougt that Rasm Al-Qur’an is not taufiqi and it’s not Prophet Muhammad’s provision.

"Place the ink, use a pen, then set" ba "distinguished" sin ", do you tilt the" meme ", that's good for (writing)" God "extend the (writing)" ar-Rahman ", and make good (writing)" ar- Rahim "and put your pen over your left ear, because it will make you be remembered".

C.   Rule Rasm al-Quran

There are 6 kinds of rules Rasm Al-Quran, including:
1. Al-Hadzf
      It’s remove, eliminate, or negate the letter.
2. Al-Ziyadah
      It’s adding the letter
3. Al-Hamzah
      Preformance this case the requirements are if the letter hamzah berharakat breadfruit, then berharakat previous writ.
4. substitute
      Badal was the replacement.
5. Washal (junction) and Fashl (separation)
      Washl is a connection method which results in missing words or dump a certain letter.
6. The word which can be read two sounds
      A word that can be read two sounds, writing customized with one sound.

RASM AL QURAN

1.    1.   Definition of Rasm Al Quran

Rasm al-Qur'an (Rasm Ottoman or rasm Uthman) is a procedure for writing down the Qur'an that have been created at the time of Caliph Uthman ibn Affan. Rasm al-Qur'an consists of two words. Rasm and quran. Rasm an infinitive form (al-mashdar) of rasama-yarsamu verb, meaning to draw or paint, and also means writing, can also be interpreted al-atsar'alamah. While the Qur'an is the word of Allah revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. With the Angel Gabriel intermediary written in Manuscripts-Manuscripts and submitted to us mutawatir (by many people) to study the religious charities, starting with the letter al-Fatihah and closed by surah an-nas. Rasm al-Qur'an or is the study of the Qur'an Manuscripts writing is done in a special way, both in the writing-pronunciation pronunciation and letter forms are used.

2.      2. The views of the scholars of the Qur'an rasm

          The scholars differ about the status rasm al-Quran (manner of writing the Qur'an).

a.        The first opinion Rasm ustmanu it is tauqifi ie not a product of human culture that must be followed by anyone when writing the Qur'an and must be truly sanctified. in other words they are even to the extent menyalrakalnya. They argue that the Holy Prophet had the writers, who in charge of writing the revelation. In practical terms they write rasm this, and it's getting pengkuan of the prophet of Allah. After the Prophet passed, the Qur'an was written like that, no change and turnover. To get this, they refer to a history that informs that the prophet put the laws pertaining to rasm or otherwise, submitted to Muawiyah, one secretary.

"Place the ink, use a pen, then set" ba "distinguished" sin ", do you tilt the" meme ", that's good for (writing)" God "extend the (writing)" ar-Rahman ", and make good (writing)" ar- Rahim "and put your pen over your left ear, because it will make you be remembered".

b.      Second Opinions Rasm rasm those who argue that the Qur'an was not tauqifi, not statutes prophet. Rasm Ottoman was a way of writing that is approved by the Caliph Uthman was a way of writing that is approved by the Caliph Uthman ibn Affan and well received by Muslims. Therefore, it becomes imperative that must be used as a handle and should not be violated. This opinion was pioneered by Qadi Abu Bakr al Baqilani. His opinion among other things in his book al inthisar, that the writings of the Quran, Allah did not oblige to Muslims and does not prohibit the writers of the Quran using rasm besides (Uthman). What is said liability was only known from the news that on hearing the news. "Obligation" was not found in the texts of the Quran and not some sense menginsyaratkan that rasm Koran and the recording should only be done with a special form or in a way that should not be abandoned. No texts that require special hadiths and were similarly otherwise require it. Similarly, the ijmaul ummah (Islamic unanimity).

       3. Rule Of rasm quran

        There are 6 kinds of rules rasm quran include:

A. Al-hadzf

Is to remove, eliminate, or negate.

B. Al -ziyadah

Is added, such as adding letters

C. Al-Hamzah,

one of its provisions is that if the letter hamzah berharkat breadfruit, it is written with a capital          letter berharkat earlier.

 D. Badal

Is a replacement, for example alif written Wawu as a form of respect.

E. Washal (grafting) and Fash (separation)

Is a method to connect words that cause a loss or removal of a particular letter.

F. The word which can be read two sounds

A word can be read two sounds, one of the authors adjusted the sound.

         As lafadz maliki yaumiddin (length readings) are read maliki (without reading long)

DOWN HISTORY AND MAINTENANCE OF QURAN

1. DEFINITION OF AL-QURAN

        Qur'an of the language comes from qara'a yaqra'u qar'an which means collecting.

according to the terms, al-Qur'an is a Book revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. Which was written in the manuscripts and narrated by mutawatir, at the start of the letter of al-Fatihah in the end by an-nas and those who read it to get the reward.

2. DEFINITIONS NUZUL AL-QURAN AND PHASES DOWN

        Nuzul quran is the process of decline in the Qur'an to the prophet Muhammad. Period happened happened 22 years 2 months and 22 days. According Subhi al-Salih, al-Qur'an down to the prophet of Allah.

  Through three stages are

1. Al-Qur'an down at once from the gods to lawh al-mahfuz.

2. Get off of lawh al-mahfuz to bait- al izzah.

3. Al Quran was sent down from al-izzah into the heart of the Holy Prophet.

.

3.  AL-QURAN WISDOM IN LOWER GRADUALLY

       Quran on stage to 3 drops gradually. Hikmat al-Qur'an was sent down gradually in between for:

A. Made his heart prophet of Allah.

B. Facilitate prophet memorized

C. Menenguhkan and entertaining Muslims who live in the time of the prophet of Allah

D. Provide an opportunity for people of Islam to Islamic tradition menninggalkan

Against E. and weaken the opponents of the Qur'an

F. Following each event and do phasing in determining the correct Aqeedah.

G. Prove that the Qur'an came down from Allah Almighty, the Most Wise.

4. MAINTENANCE OF AL-QURAN DURING THE PROPHET SAW

       Maintenance quran recitation is done through speech and writing. Prophet memorize al-qu'an which was sent down to him, and he burned them in front of the companions. Then, a friend memorize verses conveyed by the Prophet. To maintain the Qur'an, the Prophet. Also told al-Quran to be written. He lifted the authors revelation of Qur'an from termuka companions companions, such as fuel ash, umar, Ustman, ali, Ubay ibn Ka'b, and zaid ibn Thabit.

5. MAINTENANCE AL-QURAN DURING KHALIFAH RASHIDIN

       Maintenance history Quran are quite popular in the past khulafa al Rasyidin occurred in two periods khalifa leadership, namely fuel and ash caliph caliph Uthman ibn Affan. At the time of the caliph du others, namely Umar ibn al-Khattab and Ali ibn Abi Talib, the historian noted undiscovered maintenance process Qur'an is considered special as during the second caliph another.

        Qur'an entirely completed on time of the Prophet was alive, only the verses and letters are still separate. The first person to collect the Qur'an at the will of the Prophet was Abu Bakr As-Siddiq danUtsman bin Affan. Writing the Koran is not a new problem because the Prophet had ordered penulisanya, when it was still scattered in various vellum, leaves, bones of camels and palm fronds. Then collected by a friend, and then tied with a rope so that nothing is lost. In the khulafa al-Rasyidin many memorizers of the Qur'an fall in the war Yamamah.

a. The period of Caliph Abu Bakr

After the death of the Prophet and Abu Bakr was appointed Caliph, there was defiance against caliphs ie zakat restraint group, heretics and groups of stiffeners into the Prophet (Al-Mutanabbi`un) among Musaylima Al-Kadzab. Three dissident group is then crushed caliph to send troops under the command of Khalid bin walid in the year 12 Hijri in Yamamah causing massive sacrifice among the companions of Al-Qur`an penghafal (huffazh), which reached more than 70 people friends.

Based on this, the Caliph Umar suggested to Abu Bakr to the verses of Al-Qur`an compiled and recorded in a book or the book, fearing the loss of most of Al-Qur`an with the death of most of the memorizers.

Umar tried to convince him that his idea was quite good and feasible, then God opened the door of the heart of Abu Bakr that he accepted the proposal Umar and he finally ordered Zaid bin Thabit to immediately collect it into a codex.

b. The Period of Caliph Uthman ibn Affan

Caliph Uthman decided to put the writing of the Koran in the Manuscripts by reason of the unity of Muslims. Based on some of the history, different ways of reading the Qur'an at that time already caused Muslims to blame each other and at the end of a dispute between them. A history explained that the differences in reading al quran is seen during a meeting of the army of Islam coming from Iraq and Syria. Those who came from Sham (Syria) to follow qiraat Ubai bin Ka'b, while those coming from Iraq read in accordance with qiraat ibn masud. Among them are also being followed qiraat abu musa al Asyari. Each party feels that its qiraat better than others. Another narration issued from the ashes qulabah explained that at the time of Caliph Uthman, a teacher teaches qiraat other figures. Children meet and broken to pieces. This issue came to the teacher each who eventually mengafirkan each other.

6. COMPLETION OF MAINTENANCE QUR’AN AFTER THE CALIPH AL RASYIDIN.

       In the Ottoman Manuscripts, there are no vowel and a dot. After a lot of non-Arab people embracing Islam, they find it difficult to read manuscripts that are not berharkat and dotted it. At the time of Caliph Abdul Malik (685- 705), the incompleteness of this codex was understandable leading Muslim scholars at the time. Therefore, improvement began. Two figures who contributed in this case is Ubaidullah ibn Ziyad (w.67 H) and Hajaj bin Yusuf ats- Thaqlf (d. 95H). Ibn Ziyad ordered a man reported from Persia to put alif lieu of the letters are discarded. For example, writing qaalaf and kaanat replaced with qalaf and Kanat. As for al Hajjaj make enhancements to the Ottoman Manuscripts at eleven places that make it easier to read manuscripts.

       Uoaya improvement does not take place all at once, but gradually and carried out by every generation until the third century AH (or the end of the ninth century AD) when the Ottoman Manuscripts refinement process is completed. Also recorded three names which is described as the man who first put a dot in the Ottoman Manuscripts. The three are abu al aswad ad dauli, Yahya bin ya'mar and Nasr bin Asim al Layth (w.89 H). The person who is described first laid glottal, shadda, al raum, and al isymam is Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi al Azdi known as ash abdurrahman (d. 175 H)

THE DEFINITION OF ULUMUL QURAN 

Ulumul quran is a compound word consisting of two words, namely "ulum" and the Quran. the word "ulum" is a form plural of science. said science terbentukdari lafadz "alima yalamu ilman" meaning al fahm (understand) and al idrak (invention). 

and the term: 

-according al qaththan uluum al quran is a science that includes discussions pertaining to an al quran side asbab information about an nuzul, codification and orderly writing Qur'an, verses revealed in Mecca and Medina and other things related to the Qur'an. 

-according al zarqaniy interpret uluum Qur'an as some of the discussion related to the Qur'an and the down side, the writing sequence, codifying how to read, miracle, nasikh and mansukh. rejection of things that cause doubt to it, as well as other things. 

-according ash syahbah uluum Quran as a science that has many objects. discussion related to the Quran, starting from the downs, the order of literature, codification,reading, interpretation and mansukh nasikh miracle, muhkam and mutasyabih and other discussions. 

THE SCOPE OF ULUMUL QURAN 

The scope of the subject there uluum Qur'an 6: 1) nuzul al quran 2) sanad 3) qiraat 4) words in the Quran 5) the meaning of the words alquran dealing with legal issues 6) the meaning of Qur'an relating to the meaning of words. 

1. The discussions related to nuzul Qur'an 

- Awqat mawatin wa al muzul (past and the decline in verse Qur'an either entering a period makiyyah / madaniyya 

- Asbab al nuzul (because it causes the decrease Qur'an) 

- Chronicle al nuzul (historical decline in al quran either the first or the last first lowered the repeated lowered down separately or pooled. 

2. The discussion related to sanad concerning: 

- History of mutawattir 

- History of ahad 

- Miscellaneous qiraat prophet 

- The narrators and Quran memorizers 

- The way how the reception history (tahammul) 

3. The discussion related to qiraat, the procedure involves reading Qur'an: 

- How to stop (waqf) 

- How to get started (ibtida) 

- Relating to lahjah or dialects (imalah) 

- Reading a stretched (madd) 

- Reading the letter hamzah alleviated (takhfif Hamzah) 

- Includes a dead letter to the vowels afterward. 

4. The discussion related to words Qur'an concerning: 

- gharib 

- mu'rab 

- majaz 

- synonyms 

- mustarah 

- istarah 

- tasybih 

5. The discussion related to the meaning of the words al quran related legal issues 

- Verses meaningful public (amm) which remains in generality. 

- Verses of the amm containing specific understanding and ditakhsiskan by sunnah. 

- Verses are nashshi 

- Verses Zahir 

- Verses mujmal (global) 

- Verses mufashal (detailed) 

- Verses mantuq 

- Verses mutlaq 

- Verses muqayyad 

- Verses muhkam 

- Verses mutashabihat 

- Verses abstruse 

- Verses nasikh 

- Verses mansukh 

- Verses muqadam 

- Verses muakhkhar 

- Verses ma'mul (put into practice) at certain times 

- Verses ma'mul (put into practice) by one only. 

6. The discussion of the meaning of Qur'an relating to the meaning of words. This issue involves: 

- Fashsal (separator) 

- Washshl (connectivity) 

- Ijaz (short) 

- Ithnab (long) 

- Musawwah (same) 

- Qashar (short) 

- Qunyah (bad title) 

- Laqab (good title) 

BRANCH BRANCH OF SIGNIFICANT ULUM AL QURAN 

ulum principal branches Qur'an there are seventeen (ash Shiddieqy, 2009: 88-92), namely 

- Science mawathin al Nuzul that explains the place, the season, the beginning and the end of the fall of the verse. 

- Science annals al Nuzul, which explains past and orderly decline in paragraph one by one from start to finish 

- Science asbab Al Nuzul of explaining reasons why the decline in verse. 

- Science qiraat namely that describe miscellaneous reading Qur'an which have been accepted apostles SAW. There are ten kinds of qiraat 

  The authentic and some others are not authentic 

- Science tajwid, which explains how to read the Qur'an, the start and end, and other things related 

  by reading the Qur'an. 

- Science Gharib al Quran, which explains the meaning of the words is odd that no ordinary book or books are not included in the conversation 

  daily. This explains the science of words are smooth, high, and quaint. 

- Science'i'rab Koran, which explains vowel (rows) of the Quran and the position of a word in a sentence. 

- Science Wujuh wa al Nazhair, which explains the words of the Quran that have more than one meaning in accordance with the place words in the Qur'an. 

- Science Ma; rifath al muhkam wa Al Mutasyabih, which explains the verses are included muhkam and mutasyabih. 

- Science Nasikh wa Mansukh, which explains the included mansukh verses in the Quran. 

- Science Bada; u Koran, which describes the beauty of the structure of language Quran 

- Science Ijaz al-Koran, yait explain the strength of al Qran so it is seen as a miracle. 

- Science Tanasub Koran, which describes the conformity between verses or mailing letters in the Quran. 

- Science Aqsam Koran, which explain the meaning and purpose of God's purpose oath in the Quran. 

- Science Amtsal Koran, which explains the parable parable contained in the Quran. 

- Science Jidal Koran, which explains many kinds of debates that were introduced to the polytheists and other groups contained in the Quran. 

- Attitude recitations of the Quran, which states the rules or the rules of manners in reading al-Quran. 

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ULUM AL QURAN 

Growth and development uluum Qur'an is divided into two periods, before and a preparation of manuscripts of the Quran 

a. before Codification 

The period before preparation of Manuscripts is a period of growth and development uluum Quran time of the prophet, the caliph fuel ash, and the Caliph Umar ibn Khattab. 

At the time of the Prophet, al quran maintained by means of revelation to the Prophet and the Companions of the people. He explained the interpretation of verses of the Quran interpretation 

with sayings, deeds, approvals, as well as the character and his nature, is in accordance with the content of the letter's contents Nahl verse 44. 

"We sent down unto Qur'an so that you may explain to mankind what has been revealed to them, 

so they thought " 

the friends provided the ability to memorize even though most of them are not good at reading and writing. 

with this capability, Al-Quran easy to memorize by them. Not only that, they are also easy to plan explanation explanation of the content of the Quran. Therefore 

Quran preserved in their rote. 

b. The preparation period Mushaf 

The period of preparation of manuscripts occurred since the caliph Uthman ibn Affan. At this time, the Islamic empire ever wider and the Muslims scattered in various 

area with various tribes and cultures including language. This fact has led persealisihan between 

Muslims on the Koran, especially about reading the Koran. Seeing this, the caliph Uthman ibn Affan make policy by ordering all the people 

Muslims to collect back all the verses of the Quran were never collected in the caliphate of fuel ash in a collection of writings or manuscripts, a collection of writings or this codex 

then known as the Ottoman or Manuscripts Manuscripts priest, a collection of writings or manuscripts. collection of writings al quran in the days khalofah uistman and is based on a policy of Caliph Uthman. 

This policy includes procedures and forms the al- Quran known to science or science rasm Al Quran Ottoman rasmil. 

Great effort caliph Uthman ibn Affan became the basis of the first of bookkeeping Quran is very useful to maintain the purity Qur'an and unify 

Muslims back into a way of life that is no longer a dispute in a text.