ASBAB AL-NUZUL

1. Definition of asbab al-nuzul

            In terms of etimologically, asbab al-nuzul a form idhofah which consists of two words, namely asbab and al-nuzul. Asbab means causes or alesan and al-nuzul means down (from top down)

according to al-Zarqani, nuzul is majaj al-isti'arag al-tasrihiyyah, namely to align the delivery superiors to subordinates. Therefore, the determination of said nuzul not mean to give the impression that the ak-qur; an off at the top, etatpi the Qur'an comes from the One who is berdudukan almighty supreme, in the Qur'an there are many words nuzul the decline in letter al'muminun them as in paragraph 29.

terminology, asbab al-nuzul is because of the background for the occurrence of a cause or causes decline in a paragraph pleased with the occurrence of something.

The terminology (Anwar: 200: 59), asbab al nuzul defined as:

a. Something to why, down a verse or a few verses that contain Therefore, or to provide answers to the cause or explain the law at the time of occurrence of the cause (Subhi as Salih in Mabahits Fi Ulum al-Quran)

b. The special thing or something that happened related decline in the Koran which serves as an explanatory law at the time it happened (az-Zarqani).

c. Event or events that caused a decline in one or more noble verses that relate to events or events, either in the form of questions to the prophet or events related to religious affairs (ash-Shabuni).

d. Events that may cause a decline Qur'an, berkenaannya with that event, either one event or the form of the question put to the prophet (ma'na al qathtan).

2. Various kinds and examples asbab al Nuzul

Miscellaneous asbab al nuzul can be seen from (1) the form of wording used in the history of al-nuzul asbab and (2) the number of causes and verse down.

Judging from the shape editor, asbab al nuzul divided into two kinds:

First, the editorial sharih (obviously), which is history already clear meunjukan asbab al-nuzul and may not show the others.

Second, editorial muhtamilah (not clear), the editorial asbab al nuzul which does not explicitly mention that the redsaksi regard to asbab al nuzul.

Judging from the number of causes and verse down, asbab al Uzul divided into two.

First, al-asbab ta'adud nazil wa al-Wahid (because the decline in more than one verse and issues contained in the verse or group of verses down that one). For the first of these, in terms of the editorial history, there are three permaslahan to note: (1) does not mind (2) take the version of history asbab al-nuzul that use the editorial sharih, and (3) take the history of editorial sharih and authentic (valid )

For the first of these was, from the quality of history, there are three other things that need to be considered, namely (1) take the version of history that is authentic. (2) conducted a study of selective (Legal Affairs Committee), and (3) conduct a study of compromise (jama ') ,

Second, taaddud nazil wa al sabab al Wahid (issues contained in paragraph diturubkan more than a while because the decline in one). Sometimes one occasion been the reason for the decline in the two verses Quran. In this case there is no problem that is quite important because the many verses that fall within various letters with regard to the events.

3. The phrase an expression asbab nuzul

Nuzul asbab an expression can only be known through the narrative of the companions of the Prophet who directly witnessed the occurrence of events or the emergence of questions concerning because the decline in the Qur'an. This means that an nuzul asbab history must be submitted by the companions. They said because the decline in the Qur'an uses the expression is different between an event with other events. Differences in the expression must contain different meanings which have implications on the status because the decline in verse the Qur'an.

Miscellaneous phrases used in describing companions, among others:

a. There is a word because

b. There is the word fa (then)

c. There is a word fa (on or about)

Asbab nuzul an expression expression can described below:

a. Because nuzul articulated (sababu nuzul hadzil paragraph kadza)

b. For nuzul not indicated by pronunciations cause, but with pronunciations (fa), which entered into verse in question.

c. Because nuzul surely understood from the context

d. For nuzul not mentioned by the phrase because it clearly.

4. The views of scholars on an nuzul asbab

Asbab nuzul have an important role in efforts to know and understand the meaning of a verse and wisdom contained therein. Asbab an nuzul also needed, especially to set goals or targets to be achieved Qur'an. The majority of scholars agree that the Quran nuzul asbab very important to find meaning and significance of the verses of the Qur'an. Al-Wahidi, one of the scholars who started writing the book asbab an nuzul, stating that it is impossible to interpret the verse and know its meaning, without knowing the story and cause the decline.

Some scholars argue otherwise. According to an nuzul record asbab effect to the understanding of Qur'an is not so important. The reason all the verses and letters in the Qur'an have an nuzul asbab. Even if the calculated amount is not significant. Muhammad Shahrur even argue that the Qur'an does not really have asbab an nuzul because the content Qur'an is complete since at lawh al mahfud which is reflected in the words of the Bible (the composition of written texts complete), al-Ma'mun (set), and fi priest Mubin ( clear instructions). In addition, the Qur'an also be deployed in a single package complete revelation in the month of Ramadan, hence there is no connection between the events recounted in the Qur'an hadith with these verses. This is reinforced by the word of god in a letter al Qadr: 1, "actually means we lowered him on the night of Qadr" and the letter al Baqarah: 185, "the month of Ramadan in which the Qur'an was revealed ..."

Although asbab nuzul very important in revealing the meaning of the text, but to know for sure and convincing reasons why most of the text of Qur'an was revealed is not always easy. Because, sometimes we get a lot of history who threw a number of different reasons for the fall of the verse itself and sometimes the same reasons related to the different verses.

 asbab an nuzul only with respect to a particular event or person or can apply common? i among exegetes, occurred prbedaan views on whether it is a particular lesson according to the decline or because of a general nature. Another problem is the difference of the scholars is about language. Sentence question (istifham) for example, is merely an interrogative sentence, but he could have another sense, as Taqrir (affirmation), Nafi (disclaimer) and a sense of understanding of the other.

Regardless of dissent at the top, in the question worth asking the opinion that it is impossible to understand the Qur'an without knowing about asbab al nuzul. Such opinion was impressed absolutizing an nuzul asbab position in understanding the Qur'an. However, if examined only a small number of al quran verses that can not accurately be understood except by knowing the causes of the decline. Most of the other passages can still be understood despite not using asbab al nuzul.

Al-Wahidi explained that the number of verses that have asbab al nuzul many as 715 verses or 11.46% of the whole verse Qur'an. Al Suyuti said paragraph 711, or 11.40%, while Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wahidi said there are 333 verses or 5.34%. Thus, verses that have asbab al nuzul very few compared to the number of verses in the Quran as a whole.

From the letters that have asbab al nuzul, al-Wahidi, al-Suyuti, and Muqbil berpedapat big enough. Of the 114 letters, al-Wahidi believes there are 82 letters or 71.90%. According to al Suyuti there are 103 letters or 90.35. According to Muqbil No 55 suratatau 48.24%. Although it is quite dominant, but asbab al nuzul of the letter not be significant because the size is the number of verses.

5. The urgency and usefulness asbab al nuzul in memahai verse Qur'an

Asbab function of Tafsir al nuzul is as knowledgeable aide in understanding, and formulate menfsirkan verses of Quran into practical teachings that can easily be carried dlam and daily lives. In particular urgency asbab al nuzul in understanding the Qur'an are:

a. Knowing asbab nuzul is the best way to understand the meaning of Qur'an and menyikap ambiguity hidden in verses that can not be interpreted without knowing the causes nuzulnya.

b. Overcoming doubts verse that allegedly contains a general sense

c. Specialized law embodied in the Qur'an for the scholars who argue that hold true is because of a special nature (specifically al sabab) and not lafadz general (general al lafdz)

d. Identifying offenders who cause a decline Qur'an

e. Help facilitate memorization and understanding, in addition to can help put the verses in question are in the hearts of everyone who hears when these verses were read.

Among asbab al nuzul usefulness in understanding the Qur'an:

a. Knowing the secret and purpose of God Almighty, in mensyaruatjan religion of Islam through the Qur'an.

b. Helps in understanding the paragraph and avoid difficulty in understanding

c. Rejecting the allegation of restrictions (hasr) in the paragraph that contains the restriction by birth.

d. Specialized (takhsish) law in a cause

e. Helps to not get out of the law contained in that paragraph even if he comes shortly takhsishkannya.

f. With asbab al nuzul, it is known that a particular verse someone down to him properly so that no ambiguities which could lead to accusations against innocent people.

g. May be easier to memorize verses of the Qur'an.